Symptoms of diabetes are a group of clinical manifestations of specifics for a particular disease, which indicates doctors and patients in the appearance or progress of the pathological process.
Diabetes mellitus is known as one of the most common diseases in the world, today 350 million people have suffered today. According to statistics, in just two decades, the number of cases increased by more than 10 times. About 90% of these people - second type diabetes.
If you identify the pathology in the early stages, you can avoid a large number of serious complications. That is why it is so important to know what indicates the onset of the disease, and how a person should be examined in order to control this severe endocrine pathology.
Manifestations of diabetes do not depend on its type. The human body is able to understand when a sufficient level of energy stops from coming from the glucose needed in this case, in the results of a violation of its metabolism, and remains in an abundance of blood flow, causing tremendous irreversible damage to systems and organs. The metabolic processes disturbed in the body are provided by insulin deficiency, which is responsible for the process of glucose metabolism. But the traits of the pathogenesis of diabetes of the first and second types have significant changes, so it is necessary to know exactly the symptoms of each of them.
The main symptoms
Lack of insulin in the blood or a decrease in cell sensitivity dependent on insulin in the body leads to a high concentration of glucose in the blood. In addition to this symptom, which is considered the main diabetes, there are other signs that are detected during the patient's medical observation. If the slightest suspicion of the presence of this disease appears, it is worth seeking medical help, as early detected illness is subject to treatment, and in the modern world, and even school children begin to suffer from diabetes.
First manifestations
As the first manifestations of diabetes, doctors call a number of specific symptoms. In diabetes, patients always have polyuria - rapid and abundant urination, due to glycemia and glucose level in the urine. It is glucosuria that is the cause that prevents the absorption of fluid from the renal structures. Polyuria is always associated with thirst in which a person is able to consume up to 10 liters of liquid per day.
Despite the consumption of so many liquids, there is constantly a feeling of dry mouth. In case of second type diabetes, along with thirst, a feeling of constant hunger appears. This is due to the fact that the insulin produced by the pancreas in large quantities circulates in the blood and is not used by its purpose, gives the brain signals to the feeling of hunger.
A high level of glycemia causes serious harm to the body. Damage to nerve fibers leads to the appearance of diabetic polneuropathy. The first sign of such a complication is numbness of the toes and hands and the appearance of a severe pain in the limbs. If you start acting at the blood glucose level in a timely manner, the development of this process can stop and the pain syndrome if you do not stop at all will be disturbing not so pronounced. However, if you lack the beginning of the progression of the pathology, you can expect very severe consequences - severe pain, intrigue, trophic ulcers and other things.
With the damage to high glycemia of the vessels, diabetic angiopathy develops. Clinically, at first, the disease is manifested by a feeling of cloudstickness with a high concentration of glucose in the blood, then a decrease in visual sharpness and even complete blindness in the absence of therapy. The appearance of any of the above symptoms, and even more of their complex, should force the patient to be urgently examined to detect insulin insufficiency.
Manifestations
Among the external signs are those that indicate the emergence of insulin resistance and high glycemia. For example, such a symptom may be a sharp development of dry skin, itching and peel. Especilatrately especially important pay attention to such skin manifestations against the backdrop of simultaneous thirst. Also, with diabetes, itching occurs very often in the mucosa mucosa of the mucosa, due to the irritating effect of glucose contained in the urine. There are no downloads at the same time, which is a distinctive feature of diabetes.
Also, a sharp weight loss is a signal of the beginning of the first type diabetes. In this case, it is necessary to observe for some other symptoms of pathology so as not to draw hasty conclusions. Obesity and excess body weight is not a symptom of second type diabetes, but they can act as its cause. In any case, if a person's weight is changing rapidly in any direction for no apparent reason, it is worth paying attention to this and pass an examination by a doctor.
Symptoms of diabetes
First type
The first type diabetes is very fast in its development. He has his specific manifestations to be paid.
The patient has an increased appetite in his history, but he only loses weight, exhausted, suffering from drowsiness. Frequent demands do not allow the toilet to sleep at night calmly, forcing them to rise several times. The amount of urine in this case increases significantly, as the feeling of thirst progresses.
Such symptoms cannot go unnoticed, as they occur very harshly and suddenly. It is associated with nausea, vomiting and severe irritability. Especilly, especially important to pay attention to the constant stimulation of the toilet at night to children if this had not been noticed before.
The main problem of first type diabetes is the fact that glucose levels can also rise in the blood and fall very harshly. Both of these countries are dangerous to health and have their own characteristics and manifestations, which must be carefully monitored.
Second type
The most common is the second type of diabetes. Its manifestations are very diverse, they gradually appear, so it is difficult to catch immediately and recognize them. Soft symptoms usually do not lead to the fact that a person, after discovering it at home, begins to sound the alarm immediately.
The second type of diabetes is characterized by the appearance of dry mouth, thirst, abundant urination, weight loss, fatigue, weakness and drowsiness. A feature of this variety of disease in the early stages is the presence of tingling in the fingers and numbness of the limbs, hypertonic manifestations, the appearance of infectious processes in the urinary system. Similarly, the first type of patient's diabetes can be disturbed by nausea and vomiting, dryness and itching of the skin and skin infections.
It is important to remember that the gradual development of symptoms leads to the development of the disease itself. Diabetes in the later stages is filled with the appearance of a hyperosmolar comar, lactoacidosis, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, which gain momentum in two hours and can even lead to the death of the patient. Also, as a result of advanced diabetes, patients often have serious vision problems, then leading to complete blindness, kidney or heart failure, pathology of vascular and nervous systems.
During pregnancy
Gestational diabetes sugar is rarely manifested by some specific external signs. Most often, its presence is detected by planned examinations that are performed regularly for pregnant women. The main indicators are data from blood and urine tests.
In the presence of external signs of the gestational type of disease, they are all very similar to the symptoms of diabetes of the first two types - nausea, vomiting, weakness, thirst, infection in the genitourinary system are not separate signs of toxicosis and other pathologies, but indicate in the second and third trimester of gestational pregnancy.
The gestational form of the pathology of direct threat to a mother or child's life does not hold, but this can affect the general course of pregnancy, the well -being of the future mother and the fetus.
High blood content in glucose leads to the birth of a child with a high weight (more than 4 pounds), which will in the future be a prerequisite for overweight or its incidence of diabetes at any age. A delay in child development, hypoglycemia, jaundice in the first pores of the newborn's life can also manifest.
Signs of complications
Foot diabetic
Diabetic foot in medicine is understood as a comprehensive anatomical and functional change in the tissues of the distal parts of the lower extremities in patients with diabetes. This is the most frightening complication of pathology under consideration, often leading to gangrene, limb amputation and disability.
If there is a history of diabetes in the state of foot health, you should be carefully monitored. There are three main forms of diabetic foot: neuropathic (predominant nerve damage), ischemic (predominant blood vessel lesion and blood flow disorder), mixed.
Among the complaints of patients who precede diabetic legs, specialists distinguish unpleasant feelings, burning and stitching sensations, goose, a feeling of current discharge. If such symptoms disappear when you walk, it indicates the onset of the development of the neuropathic shape of the diabetic foot. It is also important to pay attention to if the sensitivity periodically disappears. If painful sensations arise directly when you walk or at night (you can only provide by painting the limbs from the edge of the bed), then it means the start of the development of the ischemic shape of the diabetic foot called "ischemic foot".
Among the signs that indicate the onset of diabetic foot development, experts distinguish the skin on the foot or the appearance of pigment stains, peeling and dry skin in the area, the appearance of multi -catering in fluid bubbles with transparent fluids, often corn, cracks between friction, sticking, Small skin, small skin fractures, small fractures, small fractures, small fractures. Bone standing. If a person observes at least some such signs, he should urgently seek medical help.
Signs of retinopathy
Diabetic ophthalmology is manifested by a change in blood vessels in the retina, leading to a violation of microcirulation in it. Such a violation leads to the emergence of diabetic retinopathy. Such a complication develops gradually and even in later stages can be almost invisible to a person.
The main signs of diabetic retinopathy are:
In this case, diabetic ophthalmology can be manifested by two main forms - not -Sfera (background), or proliferative retinal retina of the retina. With the retinopathy of the background, the concerns of the pathology, first of all, the retina itself. In the event of violations on retinal capillary vessels, hemorrhages, retinal swelling and storage of metabolic products occur. Background retinopathy is characteristic of elderly patients with diabetes. It provokes a gradual decrease in visual acuity.
On the basis of the background, proliferative retinopathy is developing if the lack of osigal support is increased. In this case, there is a pathological formation of new blood vessels flowing from the retina into a glass body. This process leads to hemorrhage in a glass body and a sharp progress of vision of vision in a person and irreversible blindness. In adolescence, such a transition of complication from one form to another can occur within two months, then detaching the retina and complete loss of vision.
Signs of encephalopathy
Diabetic encephalopathy occurs as a complication of diabetes, due to degenerative damage to the brain. The prevalence of encephalopathy depends directly on the type of diabetes, and its symptoms - in the duration of the course of the disease and its severity. It belongs to delayed complications and manifests 10-15 years after the occurrence of diabetes.
The immediate cause of the development of encephalopathy is metabolic disorders typical of diabetes, leading to damage to brain tissue and blood vessels. The above processes lead to a violation of brain activity, a decrease in cognitive functions. The development of encephalopathy occurs very slowly, which leads to the difficulty of detecting its symptoms in the early stages.
The main symptoms of diabetic encephalopathy are:
In the early stages, there is virtually no clinic complication, and with the development of encephalopathy, symptoms begin to appear more clearly. Symptoms are identical to both types of diabetes.
Frequent diabetes satellite are atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and overweight. Regarding the pride of blood vessels in the event of atherosclerosis, the risk of ischemic strokes and heart attacks increases. In the event of a violation of the microcirulation in the renal vessels, an irreversible renal failure occurs, which eventually leads to a complete disruption of the kidney function. This, in turn, leads to the need for replacement therapy of kidney failure with the lifelong dialysis method.
Diabetic
The diabetic cat implies a serious damage to the metabolic processes in the body of a patient suffering from diabetes. A coma can occur both with a strong growth and with a strong decrease in human blood sugar.
This condition requires urgent medical care, as in its absence, serious complications and even deaths are possible.
A coma state develops in stages, but quite quickly. The first sign of union in which it can be a fabricated condition, rapid growth of blood sugar, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, abdominal pain a day or more before the immediate coma. Another symptom of diabetic coma may be the strong smell of acetone from the patient's mouth. Sensitivity can also occur in convulsions, thirst, thirst.
With a state of hypoglycemic coma, the concentration of blood sugar decreases significantly. The indicator can reach the mark of 2. 5 mmol per liter and below. Among the obvious symptoms of such a coma, unreasonable anxiety, fear of the patient, a feeling of weakness, cramping, blood pressure and loss of consciousness falls. The predecessors of the appearance of a hypoglycemic coma may be:
The lack of help in this country can lead to extremely serious consequences. Since hypoglycemic coma develops rapidly, the assistance provided must be urgent.
A sharp decrease in blood pressure in the patient, pulse weakening and tenderness of the eye can indicate a sharp decrease in blood pressure. Only a qualified doctor can bring a person to his senses in this condition, so the ambulance call should follow as soon as possible.
Laboratories
You can safely detect the patient's diagnosis only after all the necessary laboratory tests. Testing laboratory test for diabetes is aimed at determining blood glucose indicators.
It is possible to accidentally identify blood sugar with massive examinations of a person before hospitalization or an urgent determination of other indicators.
The most common is a blood test for sugar, on an empty stomach. Before submitting it, nothing can be eaten for 8-12 hours. Also, you can't drink alcohol and you can't smoke an hour before blood donation. Level up to 5. 5 mmol per liter will be considered a normal indicator. If the indicator is equal to 7 mmol per liter, the patient will be sent for an additional examination. To this end, they are tested for glucose tolerance. For this, the patient donates blood on an empty stomach, then he drinks a glass of sugar water (75 grams per adult for 200 milliliters of water), and 2 hours after that he reaches a blood test.
If the body is in normal condition, then the first analysis will show the score up to 5. 5 mmol per liter, and the second - up to 7. 8 mmol per liter. If the indicators are in the range, respectively, 5. 5-6. 7 and 7. 8-11. 1 mmol per liter, then this will tell doctors about the development of pre-antiabate in the patient. Indicators that exceed these numbers indicate diabetes.
It is also common to conduct a study on glycated hemoglobin, demonstrating the average value of human glucose during the last 3 months of life. The rate is the indicator below 5. 7%. If the value is between 5. 7-6. 4%, then this suggests that there is a risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this case, measures should be discussed with the doctor to reduce such a risk. If the level of glycated hemoglobin is more than 6. 5%, the diagnosis of diabetes is possible but requires confirmation. The recommended level of glycated hemoglobin in people with diabetes is less than 7%, if this level is higher, it is necessary to discuss the situation with your attending physician. It should be borne in mind that the level of glycated hemoglobin above 7% can be estimated by the physician as optimal.
The symptoms of a child
Diabetes can appear at any age, including early children. Even the newborn diabetes are found. This is a rare case of an innate nature of the disease. Most often, manifestation in children is 6-12 years. Metabolic processes in children during this period continue much faster, and the condition of the non -formed nervous system can affect blood glucose levels. The younger the child, the more complicated of diabetes.
Among the main symptoms that parents need to pay attention to in order not to lose the development of diabetes in children, doctors distinguish:
If a child has at least one of the above symptoms, this is a reason to seek a doctor. If some symptoms are detected, at the same time, a doctor should be immediate.
Also among the symptoms in children, typical and atypical signs of diabetes can occur. Doctors attribute the typical symptoms that parents of children often confuse with age -related urinary incontinence, polydipsia, dryness, dryness and itching of the skin, itching of the genitals after urination, the amount of blood sugar is more than 5. 5 per liter per liter when a blood test is tested. Timely diagnosis in case of suspicion will help identify the disease at an early stage and begin the necessary therapy, which will not allow complications to develop.
Determination of diabetes mellitus at home
The course of diabetes can be absolutely asymptomatic. It can be accidentally identified when visiting an optometrist or any other doctor. However, there are many signs by which the presence of pathology can be thought of independently. Moreover, at home, you can accurately decide the type of disease.
With a healthy body, after eating in the blood, sugar levels rise. After 2-3 hours thereafter, this indicator must return to its original borders. If this does not happen, then a person has a number of symptoms that cannot be observed. This is already considered dry mouth, thirst, very frequent and abundant urination, increased appetite, apathy, cramps, nests of consciousness. Gradually, a person begins to notice the dryness of the skin, which previously did not appear on its own.
Also at home, you can doubt the appearance of diabetes in various strange sensations that a person has not noticed before. In the second type of diabetes, this is poor healing of wounds and scratches, the development of overweight. In the first type of pathology, a person, on the contrary, may lose weight, although the appetite is quite high. Also, with all types of disease, itching of the skin can occur, increased hair growth on the face, formation of xanth (small yellow growth in the skin), hair loss and others.
Timely identification of diabetes signs should cause a doctor.
Only if you start therapy for diabetes in the early stages, can we hope for the compensation of the disease and the normal quality of life in the future.